Rills and gullies
Runoff will enter into rills which is a tiny groove or channel in the surface. A gully is a large groove or channel in Earths surface as the water from a rain storm. When water flows through gullies it moves soil and rock with it.
Streams, rivers, and tributaries
Gullies that join together to form a larger channel is called a stream. A stream is a channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope. Unlike gullies the streams wont dry up. As streams start to form together they get larger and larger, eventually forming a river. A stream that starts to go into a larger stream or river by receiving water is from tributaries. A tributary is a stream or river that goes into a even larger river.
Erosion by rivers
Through erosion, a river creates valleys, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes. Rivers can flow really fast or really slow, the really fast rivers will erode away the edges of the river bank faster than slower rivers. A waterfall is an example of erosion by rivers. Waterfalls occur where a river meets an area of rock that is very hard and erodes slowly. Another example is a flood plain. As a river gets lower down in its course a river usually flows over more gently slopping land forming wider river valleys. Meanders and oxbow lakes are also both examples of erosion by rivers. Meanders are created when the river winds form side to side eroding the outer bank. Oxbow lakes are formed when a meander has been cut off from the river.
deposits by rivers
As water starts moving it picks up sediment. When water stops or slows down it drops the load of sediment it was carrying. Deposition creates landforms such as alluvial fans and deltas. It can also add soil to a rivers flood plain. An alluvial fan is a wide sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range. This is were the sediment is deposited. where a stream flows out of a narrow mountain valley that stream becomes wider and shallower. Sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake is called a delta. Deposition will also happen during floods. Then heavy rains or melting snow causes a river to rise above its banks and spreads out over its flood plain. When the floods water retreats all the sediment will help form soil.
groundwater erosion
When it rains or when ice or snow melt the runoff that it creates soaks into the ground and gets into cracks and after time it will start to form a cave with the help of erosion. Groundwater can cause erosion through a process of chemical weathering. Carbonic acid flows into the cracks of the limestone and after time it will leave deposits which are either on the top or bottom ( stalactites and stalagmites).